检查 RAID 控制器工具： 戴尔服务器通常提供命令行工具（如 MegaCli 或 perccli）来管理硬件 RAID。您可以使用这些工具来检查 RAID 状态。例如： MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL 首先下载MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz提取码：sm29 我这里放在了服务器的/opt/MegaRAID并解压的
[root@localhost opt]# mkdir MegaRAID
[root@localhost opt]# ls
MegaRAID package rh
[root@localhost opt]# cd MegaRAID/
[root@localhost MegaRAID]# ls
[root@localhost MegaRAID]# rz -E #此处上传压缩包
rz waiting to receive.
[root@localhost MegaRAID]# ls
MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz
[root@localhost MegaRAID]# tar -zvxf MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz
MegaCli8.07.10/
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/MegaCli-8.02.21-1.noarch.rpm
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/readme.txt
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/Run-Linux-PERC.sh
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/MegaCli.exe
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/MegaCli64.exe
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/readme.txt
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/X64.bat
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/X86.bat
[root@localhost MegaCli8.07.10]# cd /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/
[root@localhost Linux]# ls
Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.02.21-1.noarch.rpm readme.txt Run-Linux-PERC.sh
[root@localhost Linux]# rpm -ivh Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
Installing....
正在升级/安装...
1:Lib_Utils-1.00-09 ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost Linux]# rpm -ivh MegaCli-8.02.21-1.noarch.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:MegaCli-8.02.21-1 ################################# [100%]
1、查看磁盘状态：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL
返回如下：
[root@localhost aa]# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL
Adapter #0
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 0
Drive's postion: DiskGroup: 0, Span: 0, Arm: 0
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 0
WWN: 5000C5009FF49B4C
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SAS
Raw Size: 558.911 GB [0x45dd2fb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 558.411 GB [0x45cd2fb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 558.375 GB [0x45cc0000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: KT37
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x5000c5009ff49b4d
SAS Address(1): 0x0
Connected Port Number: 2(path0)
Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST600MP0036 KT37WAF06894
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :35C (95.00 F)
PI Eligibility: Yes
Number of bytes of user data in LBA: 512
Drive is formatted for PI information: Yes
PI: PI with type 2
Drive's write cache : Disabled
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Port-1 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 1
Drive's postion: DiskGroup: 1, Span: 0, Arm: 0
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 1
WWN: 5000C5009FF40010
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SAS
Raw Size: 558.911 GB [0x45dd2fb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 558.411 GB [0x45cd2fb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 558.375 GB [0x45cc0000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: KT37
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x5000c5009ff40011
SAS Address(1): 0x0
Connected Port Number: 0(path0)
Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST600MP0036 KT37WAF069XT
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :36C (96.80 F)
PI Eligibility: Yes
Number of bytes of user data in LBA: 512
Drive is formatted for PI information: Yes
PI: PI with type 2
Drive's write cache : Disabled
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Port-1 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 2
Drive's postion: DiskGroup: 1, Span: 0, Arm: 1
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 2
WWN: 5000C5009FF4B0E4
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SAS
Raw Size: 558.911 GB [0x45dd2fb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 558.411 GB [0x45cd2fb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 558.375 GB [0x45cc0000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: KT37
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x5000c5009ff4b0e5
SAS Address(1): 0x0
Connected Port Number: 4(path0)
Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST600MP0036 KT37WAF067R6
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :33C (91.40 F)
PI Eligibility: Yes
Number of bytes of user data in LBA: 512
Drive is formatted for PI information: Yes
PI: PI with type 2
Drive's write cache : Disabled
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Port-1 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 3
Drive's postion: DiskGroup: 1, Span: 0, Arm: 2
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 3
WWN: 5000C5009FF389A8
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SAS
Raw Size: 558.911 GB [0x45dd2fb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 558.411 GB [0x45cd2fb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 558.375 GB [0x45cc0000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: KT37
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x5000c5009ff389a9
SAS Address(1): 0x0
Connected Port Number: 1(path0)
Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST600MP0036 KT37WAF05MC4
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :34C (93.20 F)
PI Eligibility: Yes
Number of bytes of user data in LBA: 512
Drive is formatted for PI information: Yes
PI: PI with type 2
Drive's write cache : Disabled
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Port-1 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 4
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 4
WWN: 5000C5009FF4B48C
Sequence Number: 1
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SAS
Raw Size: 558.911 GB [0x45dd2fb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 558.411 GB [0x45cd2fb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 558.375 GB [0x45cc0000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up
Device Firmware Level: KT37
Shield Counter: 0
Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A
SAS Address(0): 0x5000c5009ff4b48d
SAS Address(1): 0x0
Connected Port Number: 3(path0)
Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST600MP0036 KT37WAF0601K
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: Foreign
Foreign Secure: Drive is not secured by a foreign lock key
Device Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 12.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :32C (89.60 F)
PI Eligibility: Yes
Number of bytes of user data in LBA: 512
Drive is formatted for PI information: Yes
PI: PI with type 2
Drive's write cache : Disabled
Port-0 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Port-1 :
Port status: Active
Port's Linkspeed: 12.0Gb/s
Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No
Exit Code: 0x00
我这里需要给 Slot Number: 1 Slot Number: 2 Slot Number: 3 Slot Number: 4 做成一个阵列采用RAID6
2、查看现有阵列
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL 这个命令将列出所有RAID逻辑卷的详细信息，包括RAID级别、状态、硬盘组成等。 查询结果如下：
[root@localhost aa]# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL
Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information:
Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0)
Name :
RAID Level : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0
Size : 558.375 GB
Parity Size : 0
State : Optimal
Strip Size : 64 KB
Number Of Drives : 1
Span Depth : 1
Default Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU
Default Access Policy: Read/Write
Current Access Policy: Read/Write
Disk Cache Policy : Disk's Default
Encryption Type : None
Default Power Savings Policy: Controller Defined
Current Power Savings Policy: None
Can spin up in 1 minute: Yes
LD has drives that support T10 power conditions: Yes
LD's IO profile supports MAX power savings with cached writes: No
Bad Blocks Exist: No
PI type: No PI
Is VD Cached: No
可以看到这里有2个阵列，这里我们需要删除Virtual Drive: 1 (Target Id: 1)这个阵列，
以使用以下命令来删除 Virtual Drive: 1 (Target Id: 1)：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdDel -L1 -a0
其中 -L1 表示删除 Target Id 为 1 的逻辑驱动（Virtual Drive），-a0 表示操作的是第一个控制器。
删除前请确保没有重要数据在该逻辑驱动上，因为此操作会清除该 RAID 逻辑卷的所有数据。
[root@localhost aa]# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdDel -L1 -a0
Adapter 0: Deleted Virtual Drive-1(target id-1)
Exit Code: 0x00
3、创建RAID的步骤：
可以通过MegaCli命令来配置RAID，假设你要创建RAID 5，命令如下：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r5 [32:1,32:2,32:3,32:4] -a0
-r5 表示RAID 5，若选择RAID 6则改为 -r6。 [32:1,32:2,32:3,32:4] 指定硬盘的Enclosure Device ID和Slot Number，替换为你实际的硬盘位置。 -a0 表示操作的适配器编号，这里是0，替换为实际的适配器编号。 创建完成后，可以用以下命令检查RAID状态：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL
执行结果如下：
[root@localhost aa]# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r5 [32:1,32:2,32:3,32:4] -a0
Mix of configured and unconfigured drives are not possible.
Exit Code: 0x0b
如果这一步遇到问题有可能是硬盘还在其他阵列当中，解决办法清除状态：
清除外部磁盘（Foreign）状态 要清除磁盘的 Foreign 状态，可以使用以下命令：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgForeign -Clear -a0
这将清除所有外部磁盘（Foreign）状态。如果你想清除单个磁盘的 Foreign 状态，可以指定具体的磁盘：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PdClear -PhysDrv[32:4] -a0
然后再创建RAID一般就可以成功了
后期更换硬盘步骤：
RAID 5 阵列具备冗余能力，当其中一块硬盘发生故障时，您可以直接更换新的硬盘而不需要做其他复杂的操作。更换硬盘的过程相对简单，但需要按照正确的步骤进行，确保数据不会丢失。以下是更换损坏硬盘的操作步骤：
步骤 1：确认故障硬盘
首先，使用 MegaCli 或 storcli 等工具检查当前硬盘的状态，并确认是哪一块硬盘发生了故障。
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL
检查输出中的硬盘状态，通常如果硬盘发生故障，状态会显示为 Failed、Offline 或者 Foreign。
步骤 2：标记故障硬盘为“离线”状态
在更换硬盘之前，可以将故障硬盘标记为“离线”，避免 RAID 控制器继续尝试与它通信。使用以下命令：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDOffline -PhysDrv[32:x] -a0
这里的 PhysDrv[32:x] 是故障硬盘的位置标识符（例如：32:3）。确认位置后执行该命令。
步骤 3：物理更换硬盘
拔掉故障硬盘，插入一块相同型号和容量的新硬盘。请确保新硬盘符合 RAID 阵列的规格（通常至少要与故障硬盘的容量相同，最好相同品牌和型号）。
步骤 4：初始化并重建 RAID 阵列
RAID 控制器通常会自动检测到新硬盘并开始重建过程。你可以使用以下命令查看重建的进度：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDRbld -showprog -PhysDrv[32:x] -a0
如果新的硬盘没有被自动重建，可以手动启动重建操作：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDRbld -Start -PhysDrv[32:x] -a0
在此过程中，RAID 阵列会利用剩余硬盘上的数据以及冗余信息重建故障硬盘上的数据。这个过程可能需要几个小时（具体取决于磁盘的大小和 RAID 阵列的负载）。
步骤 5：验证阵列恢复状态
重建完成后，可以通过以下命令查看 RAID 阵列的状态：
/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL
确保虚拟磁盘的状态为 Optimal，且所有硬盘都已恢复正常。
步骤 6：重新启动系统（可选）
虽然更换硬盘后不一定需要重启系统，但如果你遇到任何问题，可以考虑重新启动系统，以确保一切配置生效并稳定运行。
reboot
注意事项
备份：尽管 RAID 5 提供了冗余保护，但还是建议定期备份重要数据，防止其他不可预测的故障导致数据丢失。 硬盘兼容性：更换硬盘时，确保新硬盘的容量与故障硬盘相同或更大，并且与 RAID 阵列兼容。不同品牌或型号的硬盘可能会影响性能和稳定性。 耐心等待重建完成：在硬盘重建过程中，尽量避免进行其他大负载的操作，以免影响重建速度或造成数据不一致。 通过这种方式，你应该能够轻松地将故障硬盘替换为新硬盘，而不需要进行复杂的配置操作。
注意：本文归作者所有，未经作者允许，不得转载
